BodyWiki · A–Z index
Entries starting with E
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Eccentric exerciseEccentric exercise involves muscles producing force while lengthening.EdemaEdema is swelling caused by more fluid than usual collecting in the spaces between tissues outside the blood vessels.Edgar Ferdinand CyriaxEdgar Cyriax (1874–1955) was a physician based in London, England, who introduced Swedish medical gymnastics and hands-on treatment to the British medical Effect sizeAn effect size is a single number that expresses 'how large' a difference or association between two groups is.Effective doseEffective dose is a radiation protection measure that allows different types of radiation exposure to be compared using a single number.Ehlers-Danlos syndromeEhlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of inherited disorders that affect the connective tissue making up the skin, joints, blood vessels, and other strucElastic fibersElastic fibers are connective tissue fibers responsible for stretching and returning to their original shape.ElbowThe elbow is a complex joint where the upper arm bone (humerus) meets the two bones of the forearm (radius and ulna).Elbow extension testThe elbow extension test is a simple bedside test that checks whether you can fully straighten your arm after an elbow injury to help determine whether an Elbow stiffnessElbow stiffness is a general term for a reduced range of motion that prevents the elbow joint from fully straightening or bending.Electric shock-like painElectric shock-like pain describes a brief, intense pain that feels like a sudden zap passing through your body.ElectroacupunctureElectroacupuncture uses a weak electrical current passed through needles inserted into the body to sustain acupuncture stimulation.Electromyography and three-dimensional motion analysisElectromyography (EMG) records the electrical signals produced when muscles work to examine which muscles were active, when, and to what extent.ElectrotherapyElectrotherapy is a form of physical therapy that delivers a weak electrical current through electrodes attached to the skin to ease pain or make muscles cElevation and depressionElevation is the upward movement of a body part, and depression is its downward movement.Elimination dietAn elimination diet is a way of managing your diet by temporarily removing foods suspected of not agreeing with you, then eating them again one at a time tEmotional Freedom Techniques and Thought Field TherapyTapping is a method of calming emotions such as anxiety or tension by lightly tapping designated points on the face and upper body with the fingertips whilEndermologieEndermologie is a body-care technique that uses negative pressure inside a device head to gently lift the skin while rollers knead the skin and subcutaneouEndocrine systemThe endocrine system is a network of glands that releases chemical messengers called hormones into the bloodstream to regulate functions throughout the bodEndogenous opioidsEndogenous opioids are natural pain-relieving substances that our bodies produce themselves. Endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins are major examples.EnduranceEndurance is the ability to sustain activity or force for a long time, even as fatigue builds.Energy availability and relative energy deficiency in sportEnergy availability is the energy left after subtracting the energy spent on exercise from the energy consumed: the share left for the body to use for its Energy expenditureEnergy expenditure is the amount of energy your body uses throughout the day, from breathing and maintaining body temperature to digesting food, walking, aEnergy systemsEnergy systems are the three pathways that produce the energy (ATP) muscles use to move: the phosphagen, glycolytic, and oxidative systems.Enteropathic arthropathyEnteropathic arthropathy refers to inflammation of the joints and tendon attachment sites in people with inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s diseasEnthesisAn enthesis is the site where a tendon or ligament attaches to bone.EnthesopathyEnthesopathy refers to pain and changes at the enthesis, the site where a tendon or ligament attaches to bone.Envelope of functionThe envelope of function is a concept that represents the combinations of load magnitude and frequency a joint can tolerate without damage as a single regiEosinophilic fasciitisEosinophilic fasciitis is a rare inflammatory condition in which the fascia just beneath the skin thickens and hardens, causing swelling and tightness in tEosinophilsEosinophils are white blood cells that defend against parasites and take part in allergic reactions.Epicranial aponeurosisThe epicranial aponeurosis is a tough, broad sheet of tendon that covers the top of the head and connects the muscles at the forehead to those at the back Epimuscular myofascial force transmissionEpimuscular myofascial force transmission is the concept that force generated by a muscle does not pass out through its tendons alone, but also travels thrEpimysium, perimysium and endomysiumThe epimysium, perimysium and endomysium are three thin layers of connective tissue that wrap around muscle, from the outside inward.Epineurium, perineurium and endoneuriumThe epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium are three layers of connective tissue that surround peripheral nerves, from the outside inward.EpiphysisThe epiphyses are the two ends of a long bone, such as the femur or tibia.EpitheliumEpithelium is the tissue that covers body surfaces and lines internal spaces, such as the outer surface of the skin and the inner walls of the intestines, Equestrian injuriesHorse riding places strain on the body in two main ways.Equinus deformityEquinus deformity describes a foot posture in which the ankle remains bent downward, the heel does not touch the ground, and weight is borne on the forefooErector spinaeThe erector spinae are long muscles running vertically along either side of the spine in the back and lower back.ErgonomicsErgonomics is the study of designing tools, furniture, and work environments to fit the human body.EsophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube about 25 centimeters long that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach.Evidence for joint mobilizationWhen reading research findings on joint mobilization, it is important to check what was measured, over what period, and against what comparison.Evidence for stretching in injury preventionCan stretching before exercise prevent injuries?Evidence-based medicineEvidence-based medicine is an approach to decision-making that brings together the best research evidence, the clinician’s experience, and the patient’s vaEvolution of acute injury managementRICE, POLICE, and PEACE & LOVE are acronyms outlining what to do first after an ankle sprain or a pulled muscle.Excess post-exercise oxygen consumptionEPOC is a phenomenon in which your body continues to use more oxygen than usual for a while after you finish exercising.Exercise ballAn exercise ball is a large, elastic, inflatable ball widely used for exercises that engage the core and balance while sitting, lying, or resting your bodyExercise intensityExercise intensity describes how much effort your body puts in during exercise.Exercise setA set is a group of repetitions (reps) performed consecutively without resting.Exercise slidersExercise sliders (gliding discs, core sliders) are thin discs that slide across the floor.Exercise-associated muscle crampsExercise-associated muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary episodes in which a muscle tightens up and becomes painful during or immediately after exercise—wExercise-induced hypoalgesiaExercise-induced hypoalgesia is a temporary change in which pain is felt less intensely immediately after exercise.Exercise-induced muscle damageMuscle damage refers to microscopic structural changes within muscle fibers after unfamiliar or intense exercise, along with the body's response to repair Exertional rhabdomyolysisExertional rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which muscle cells are severely damaged after exercise that is much more intense than usual, releasing their coExpectation and conditioningExpectation and conditioning are two key pathways through which the Placebo effect and Nocebo effect occur.ExtensionExtension is a movement that straightens a bent joint, increasing the angle between two bones.Extensor carpi radialis brevisThe extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) is a short muscle that starts near the top of the outer forearm and bends the wrist backward.Extensor carpi radialis longusThe extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL, long radial wrist extensor) is an elongated muscle on the outer side of the forearm that bends the wrist backwardExtensor carpi ulnarisThe extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle at the back of the forearm that extends the wrist toward the back of the hand and tilts it toward the little finger.Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon injuryIf you have pain on the little-finger side of your wrist and feel a tendon snap or pop when you rotate your wrist, an extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon iExtensor digitorum longusThe extensor digitorum longus is a muscle at the front of the lower leg that extends the second through fifth toes upward.Extensor pollicis brevisThe extensor pollicis brevis is a small muscle that starts at the back of the forearm and straightens the first joint of the thumb backward.Extensor pollicis longusThe extensor pollicis longus runs from the back of the forearm to the tip segment of the thumb and straightens the thumb’s end joint.External focus of attentionAn external focus of attention means directing your attention to the effects of a movement rather than to your body.External oblique muscleThe external oblique is a large abdominal muscle that forms the outermost layer along the sides of the abdomen.ExteroceptionExteroception is the sense of stimuli coming from outside the body through the skin and sensory organs.Extracellular matrixThe extracellular matrix is the collection of fibers and gel-like substances that fill the space outside cells and give tissues their shape and elasticity.Extracorporeal shock wave therapyExtracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) delivers brief, rapid pulses of powerful acoustic energy generated outside the body to painful tendons or fascia.Extrinsic foot musclesThe extrinsic foot muscles originate in the lower leg, with only their long tendons crossing the ankle to attach to the bones of the foot.Eye strainEye strain is a state in which your eyes feel dry, heavy, and blurry after prolonged or intensive use. In medicine, it is called asthenopia.