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Manual Techniques
Hands-on techniques and their schools, how they are applied, and what the evidence says.
147
entries
Active Release TechniquesActive Release Techniques (ART) is a manual technique in which the practitioner applies steady pressure to a muscle or tendon while the person receiving trAdvanced Strain and CounterstrainAdvanced Strain and Counterstrain expands Strain-counterstrain using the approach of Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT).Alexander TechniqueThe Alexander Technique is a way of learning to notice and let go of unnecessary tension that creeps into everyday actions such as standing, sitting, walkiAlfredson protocolThe Alfredson protocol is an Achilles tendon rehabilitation exercise program that involves standing on the edge of a step and slowly lowering the heel, twiAnmaAnma is a traditional East Asian hands-on therapy that eases tension in the body through pressing and rubbing with the hands.ArcingArcing is a hands-on exploration method for finding the "center" of tension somewhere in the body.Aromatherapy massageAromatherapy massage is a relaxation massage that uses gentle touch to relax the whole body while applying plant-derived essential oils diluted in a vegetaArticular fascial releaseArticular fascial release is an Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) technique that uses very light pressure to release the fascial tissues surrounding a jointBiofeedbackBiofeedback uses devices to measure signals that occur unconsciously in the body, such as muscle tension, heart rate, breathing, and skin temperature, and BodyworkBodywork is a broad term that brings together various approaches involving hands-on contact with the body or exploring bodily sensations through movement.Bowen TechniqueThe Bowen technique is an Australian hands-on technique in which the practitioner makes gentle rolling movements with the fingers over muscles and tendons,Bracing for scoliosisBracing involves wearing a custom-fitted brace around the torso to keep scoliosis from worsening in growing adolescents.Breathing retrainingBreathing retraining is an umbrella term for practices that involve consciously relearning the rate, depth, and rhythm of breathing, as well as which partsCervical tractionCervical traction is a technique that cradles the chin and back of the head and slowly pulls the neck toward the head, widening the spaces between the neckChest physiotherapyChest physiotherapy is an umbrella term for respiratory physiotherapy techniques that help clear mucus collected in the airways and make breathing easier.Chua K'aChua K'a is a full-body bodywork practice that involves pressing areas of the body in sequence, rolling the skin, and finally stroking the body with a smalComparison of fascial therapy approachesAs interest in fascia has grown, different schools of thought have emerged for working with fascia and movement.Complete decongestive therapyComplete decongestive therapy (CDT) is a comprehensive program that combines compression, exercise, skin care, education, and manual lymphatic drainage to Continuous passive motionContinuous passive motion is a rehabilitation method in which a motorized device slowly and repeatedly bends and straightens a joint through a set range ofContrast water therapyContrast water therapy is a recovery method that involves alternating between warm and cold water immersion.Convex–concave ruleThe convex–concave rule describes which way the joint surfaces glide when a joint moves.Corrective kinesiologyCorrective kinesiology is an approach refined by Sharon Weiselfish-Giammatteo of Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT), based on Lawrence Jones's strain-counterCranial dura balance releaseCranial dura balance release is a myofascial release technique used in Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT).Craniocervical decompressionCraniocervical decompression is an Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) technique that gently opens the narrow space between the occipital bone and the first cCraniosacral therapyCraniosacral therapy is a hands-on technique in which the practitioner places their hands very lightly on the skull, spine, and sacrum at the base of the sDeep tissue massageDeep tissue massage uses slow, deep pressure to reach the deeper layers of muscle and fascia, focusing on areas of long-standing tightness.DeFacilitated Fascial ReleaseDeFacilitated Fascial Release is a form of fascial release within Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) that places stiff tissue in a comfortable position and hDevelopmental Manual TherapyDevelopmental Manual Therapy is a manual therapy program developed by Sharon Weiselfish-Giammatteo, the founder of Integrative Manual Therapy, for people wDiathermyDiathermy is a form of heat therapy that passes high-frequency electromagnetic energy through the body to warm deep muscles and tissues around joints from Direct and indirect techniquesDirect techniques work toward the direction where the body feels stiff and restricted to release it, while indirect techniques follow the direction of comfDry needlingDry needling is a procedure in which a fine needle is inserted into a tight knot in a muscle, known as a Myofascial trigger point, to relieve tightness andDynamic Neuromuscular StabilizationDNS is an exercise and rehabilitation approach that helps people relearn breathing and trunk stability by drawing on how babies stabilize their trunks as tElectrotherapyElectrotherapy is a form of physical therapy that delivers a weak electrical current through electrodes attached to the skin to ease pain or make muscles cEndermologieEndermologie is a body-care technique that uses negative pressure inside a device head to gently lift the skin while rollers knead the skin and subcutaneouExtracorporeal shock wave therapyExtracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) delivers brief, rapid pulses of powerful acoustic energy generated outside the body to painful tendons or fascia.Facial expression releaseFacial expression release is a myofascial release technique that uses a very light touch to gently rotate and release the facial tissues involved in expresFascial ManipulationFascial Manipulation is a hands-on technique developed by Italian physical therapist Luigi Stecco.Feldenkrais MethodThe Feldenkrais Method is a movement-learning approach that helps people discover more comfortable ways to use their bodies by paying attention to small, sFoam rollingFoam rolling is a way to loosen your muscles yourself by placing your body on a cylindrical foam roller and rolling over it using your body weight.Franklin MethodThe Franklin Method is an approach to movement education that teaches movement by having you picture how bones, muscles, and joints actually move.Functional OrthopedicsFunctional Orthopedics is a manual approach developed by American physical therapist Gregg Johnson that combines hands-on techniques to release soft tissueGraded motor imageryGraded motor imagery (GMI) is a rehabilitation method that helps you gradually rehearse moving a limb in your mind before actually moving it when pain makeGraston TechniqueGraston is a technique that uses curved stainless-steel instruments to rub over the skin and work on muscles, fascia, and the areas around tendons.Guided imageryGuided imagery is a relaxation technique that involves vividly imagining a peaceful scene or a desired change in your body to ease physical and mental tensHanna SomaticsHanna Somatics is a form of movement education that views long-standing bodily stiffness not as malfunctioning muscles, but as a 'habit' in which the brainHeat and cold therapyHeat therapy uses warmth to relax stiff muscles, while cold therapy uses cooling to soothe swelling and burning sensations.Hellerwork Structural IntegrationHellerwork is a form of bodywork developed by Joseph Heller in the United States, based on Rolfing.High-intensity focused electromagnetic stimulationHIFEM is a device-based procedure that rapidly switches a strong magnetic field on and off to stimulate motor nerves inside the body, making muscles contraHigh-intensity laser therapyHigh-intensity laser therapy (HILT) is a physical therapy technique that delivers light energy to muscles deep beneath the skin and tissues around joints uHydrotherapyHydrotherapy uses water temperature, buoyancy, and pressure to help the body relax and recover.Ice massageIce massage involves placing ice directly on the skin and rubbing it in small circles to cool a small area quickly.Ida RolfIda Rolf was an American biochemist who developed Rolfing, also known as Structural Integration, an approach that uses hands-on work with fascia to align tIdeokinesisIdeokinesis is a form of movement training that uses mental images of bones and muscles moving to let the body find its own alignment, rather than using efIMT spinal protocolThe spinal protocol is a set sequence of 14 steps used in Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) to address low back and spinal pain.Infrared therapyInfrared therapy is a form of heat treatment that uses radiant heat from an infrared lamp to warm the skin and superficial muscles.Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilizationInstrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a technique that uses the edge of a smooth metal or plastic tool to stroke the skin and loosen muscIntegrative Manual TherapyIntegrative Manual Therapy (IMT) is a manual therapy approach that examines the body's various systems separately—not only bones and joints, but also musclIntegrative Manual Therapy synchronizersSynchronizers are an adjunctive method in Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT), in which one hand rests on a specific reflex point while the other applies a teInterferential current therapyInterferential current therapy is a form of electrotherapy that crosses two currents with slightly different frequencies inside the body to create low-freqIontophoresisIontophoresis is a physical therapy method that uses a weak direct electrical current to deliver electrically charged medication into the skin.Ischemic compressionIschemic compression is a manual technique in which a tight spot within a muscle (a trigger point) is pressed steadily with a finger for 30 seconds to a liJoint gliding and tractionGliding is a technique that slides joint surfaces parallel to one another, while traction is a hands-on technique that gently separates joint surfaces in aJoint mobilizationJoint mobilization is a manual technique in which a therapist slowly and rhythmically pushes and pulls a joint by hand to restore small movements between iKaltenborn–Evjenth conceptThe Kaltenborn–Evjenth concept is a system of orthopaedic manual therapy developed by Norwegian physical therapists Freddy Kaltenborn and Olaf Evjenth.Kinesio TapingKinesio taping is a method of applying thin cotton tape that stretches like skin over muscles and joints to support movement and ease discomfort.Law of inertial massThe law of inertial mass is a principle governing pressure when working with the sacrum in Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT).Ligament Fiber TherapyLigament fiber therapy is an Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) technique that addresses ligament fibers in transverse and longitudinal directions, aiming toListening techniqueThe listening technique is an assessment method in which the practitioner rests a hand lightly on the body and follows the direction in which the tissues dLow-level laser therapyLow-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a physical therapy method that applies weak laser or LED light to the body with almost no heat, helping support cells' owLumbar tractionLumbar traction is a physical therapy technique that uses belts to secure the pelvis and chest while gently pulling the lower back lengthwise.Lumbosacral decompression in Integrative Manual TherapyLumbosacral decompression is a myofascial release technique in Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) that uses very light force to separate the lowest lumbar veMaitland ConceptThe Maitland Concept is a manual therapy system developed by Australian physical therapist Geoffrey Maitland.Manual lymphatic drainageManual lymphatic drainage (MLD) uses rhythmic hand movements that very gently stretch and release the skin to help fluid move through the body in the direcManual therapyManual therapy is an umbrella term for treatments in which a therapist uses their hands rather than equipment to directly move and release joints, muscles,Manual therapy schools and their originsManual therapy is not a technique created by one person, but a field formed by schools that developed independently in several countries during the 20th ceMassageMassage is an umbrella term for hands-on techniques that use the hands, elbows, or tools to press, rub, and knead the muscles and skin, helping the body reMcConnell tapingMcConnell taping is a technique that uses firm, non-stretch tape to gently pull the kneecap (patella) inward, helping reduce pain at the front of the knee McKenzie exercisesMcKenzie exercises involve moving your lower back or neck repeatedly in the same direction, finding the direction that reduces your symptoms, and repeatingMcKenzie Mechanical Diagnosis and TherapyMcKenzie MDT (the McKenzie Method) is an assessment and management system that involves repeatedly moving your lower back or neck in one direction and findMicrocurrent therapyMicrocurrent therapy is a gentle electrical stimulation technique that supports the body's recovery by delivering currents in the microampere (µA) range, sMirror therapyMirror therapy is a rehabilitation method in which a mirror is placed along the middle of the body.Mobilization with MovementMobilization with movement is a manual technique in which the person receiving treatment performs a previously painful movement while the therapist gently Mulligan ConceptThe Mulligan Concept is a system of manual techniques in which the practitioner gently glides a joint in a particular direction while the person receiving Multidisciplinary rehabilitationMultidisciplinary rehabilitation is an approach in which professionals from different fields, such as physicians, physical therapists, and psychological prMuscle belly techniqueThe muscle belly technique is a myofascial release technique in which the bulging middle portion of a muscle (the muscle belly) is gently held with both haMuscle Energy and Beyond techniqueThe Muscle Energy and Beyond technique is a method used in integrative manual therapy to release stiff joints.Muscle energy techniqueMuscle energy technique is a hands-on technique in which the person receiving treatment gently contracts a muscle against the practitioner's hands, then reMuscle strippingMuscle stripping is a massage stroke that uses slow, deep pressure to sweep along the grain of a muscle.Myofascial releaseMyofascial release is a manual technique that applies slow, sustained pressure by hand to the fascia, the connective tissue surrounding muscles, to gently Myofascial unwindingMyofascial unwinding is a manual technique in which a practitioner supports an arm, leg, or the head and follows the direction the body naturally wants to NAGs and SNAGsNAGS and SNAGS are spinal manual therapy techniques in which the practitioner gently glides a spinal segment in the direction of the joint surfaces while tNeurodevelopmental treatmentNeurodevelopmental treatment is a rehabilitation approach developed in Europe in the mid-20th century for children who have difficulty moving because of daNeurodynamics and neural mobilizationNeural mobilization is an exercise technique that gently moves nerves in the arms and legs, using their ability to slide and stretch between surrounding tiNeurofascial ProcessNeurofascial Process is a contact technique within Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) in which the practitioner places both hands simultaneously on an uncomfNeuromuscular electrical stimulationNeuromuscular electrical stimulation is a rehabilitation treatment that delivers a mild electrical current through electrodes attached to the skin to stimuNeuromuscular therapyNeuromuscular massage is a hands-on technique that locates trigger points—particularly painful, firm spots within muscles—and releases them with steady preOrofacial myofunctional therapyOrofacial myofunctional therapy is exercise training that corrects the movements of the tongue, lips, cheeks, and muscles around the jaw.Pain-monitoring modelThe pain-monitoring model is an approach to tendon rehabilitation that allows exercise to continue with pain within a set range, rather than requiring movePediatric massagePediatric massage is a broad term for gently stroking, rubbing, and pressing a child's body, from infancy through adolescence.Pelvic floor physical therapyPelvic floor physical therapy is a field of physical therapy that helps you properly feel, contract, and relax the muscles supporting the base of the pelviPhotobiomodulationPhotobiomodulation (PBM) is a light-based care method that aims to elicit cellular responses by exposing the body to red light and invisible near-infrared Physical agent modalitiesPhysical agent modalities is an umbrella term for treatments that apply energy generated by machines and devices directly to the body, such as electricity,Physical medicine and rehabilitationPhysical medicine and rehabilitation is a medical specialty that helps people regain physical functions reduced by illness or injury and return to everydayPhysical therapyPhysical therapy is a professional field that combines exercise, hands-on manual techniques, and equipment such as electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and Physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercisesPSSE is an umbrella term for scoliosis-specific exercises individually designed to match a person's spinal curve pattern.PNF stretchingPNF stretching is an advanced stretching method in which you contract a muscle for a few seconds while it is in a stretched position, relax it, and immediaPost-isometric relaxationPost-isometric relaxation (PIR) is a stretching technique in which you gently contract the muscle you want to stretch, hold for a few seconds, then relax aPostural Restoration InstitutePRI (Postural Restoration Institute) is an approach based on the view that human anatomy makes everyone prone to developing a habit of shifting toward the Pressure Sensor TherapyPressure Sensor Therapy is an integrative manual therapy (IMT) approach that focuses on balancing the forces traveling from the feet up through the legs whProgressive loading rehabilitation for tendinopathyProgressive loading rehabilitation for tendinopathy is an exercise rehabilitation approach that does not simply rest a painful tendon, but gradually increaProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitationProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a rehabilitation exercise technique that stimulates sensory input from muscles and joints to help nervesReflex Ambulation TherapyReflex Ambulation Therapy is an Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) approach that aims to rebuild gait by awakening the body's walking reflexes one at a time.RehabilitationRehabilitation is the entire process of rebuilding physical function lost after an injury, surgery, or illness so you can return to daily life and exerciseRolfingRolfing is a form of bodywork that slowly works the fascia by hand to align the body so it stands upright in gravity.Rolfing Ten SeriesThe Ten Series is the foundational program in Rolfing (structural integration), addressing the whole body in a set sequence over ten sessions.Rosen Method BodyworkRosen Method Bodywork is a complementary bodywork approach that uses gentle touch and brief conversation to help people notice tension held in the body.Rotational angular breathingRotational angular breathing is a signature breathing technique used in the Schroth method.Scar tissue releaseScar tissue release is an Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) technique in which a scar from surgery or injury is held firmly with the fingertips and moved seSchroth methodThe Schroth method is a scoliosis-specific exercise approach in which people with scoliosis learn proper posture by actively correcting their alignment in Sling exercise therapySling exercise therapy involves exercising with your limbs or trunk supported in ropes and slings suspended from the ceiling.SomaticsSomatics is an umbrella term for approaches that attend to bodily sensations felt from within, using slow, small movements to retrain ingrained habits of tSpinal defacilitationSpinal defacilitation is an Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) technique in which the practitioner supports the sacrum with a hand while the recipient lies oSpinal manipulationSpinal manipulation is a hands-on technique in which a practitioner applies a single quick, brief force to move a spinal joint.Spinal mobilizationSpinal mobilization is a hands-on technique that involves moving the spinal joints slowly, gently, and repeatedly.Sports massageSports massage uses manual techniques, pressure, and speed adapted to the timing and purpose of the session, such as before exercise, after exercise, or duStill spaceIn the myofascial mapping used in Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT), a still space is a spot where the tissue does not move in any direction under the practStrain-counterstrainStrain-counterstrain is a gentle manual technique in which a tender point that hurts when pressed is identified, then the body is moved into a comfortable Structural integrationStructural integration is a hands-on technique that uses slow, deep work on the fascia with the hands and elbows to align the whole body so it can stand upStructural rehabilitationStructural rehabilitation is a term used in Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) for treatment that uses the hands to correct misalignments in the body's strucSuspension techniqueThe suspension technique is a hands-on technique in which one of two parallel bones is held firmly in place, allowing the other bone to release while suspeSwedish massageSwedish massage is a foundational form of Western massage that gently loosens the whole body, primarily using long palm strokes over oiled skin, combined wSynergic Pattern ReleaseSynergic Pattern Release is an approach within Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) that releases, one by one, combinations of muscles that repeatedly tighten TECAR therapyTECAR therapy is a heat treatment that passes current in the radiofrequency range (about 0.3~1MHz) through the body to generate heat directly within the tiTendon release therapyTendon release therapy is an Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) technique in which gentle, steady finger pressure is applied to both ends of a tendon for aboTension and Trauma Releasing ExercisesTension and Trauma Releasing Exercises (TRE) involve seven movements that gently fatigue the muscles around the legs and pelvis, followed by lying on the fTherapeutic ultrasoundTherapeutic ultrasound is a form of physical therapy that sends high-frequency sound waves beyond the range of human hearing through the skin into body tisThermotherapyThermotherapy is an umbrella term for physical therapy methods that use heat to warm body tissues and ease stiffness and soreness, such as hot packs, parafThree-planar fascial fulcrum approachThe three-planar fascial fulcrum approach is a myofascial release technique in which the practitioner very lightly holds the tissue between both hands, genTraction therapyTraction therapy gently pulls the neck or lower back along the spine, aiming to widen the spaces between spinal segments and ease the feeling of compressioTrager ApproachThe Trager Approach is a form of bodywork consisting of table sessions, in which a practitioner gently rocks and rolls the body of a person lying down, andTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulationTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a form of electrotherapy that delivers a mild electrical current through pads attached to the skin toTransverse fascial releaseTransverse fascial release is an Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) technique that gently releases the “membranes” spanning the torso at areas such as the peTrigger point therapyTrigger point therapy is an approach that involves finding tight bands within muscles and the sensitive spots within them (trigger points), then releasing Visceral ManipulationVisceral manipulation is a manual technique that uses gentle, precise touch to release the abdominal organs and surrounding tissues so they can move smoothVoodoo flossingVoodoo flossing is a self-care technique in which you tightly wrap a thick, elastic rubber band around a joint or muscle in an arm or leg, move briefly, anWATSUWATSU is a form of aquatic bodywork in which you float in warm water close to body temperature while a practitioner supports you, slowly rocks and stretcheWhole-body vibrationWhole-body vibration is vibration transmitted throughout the body through a platform or seat.